Short notes امتحان هستوباثولوجي. سنة تالتة

Write short notes about following:

1. Classification of amyloid:

1. Aetiological classification:
1. Primary amyloid:
- Occurs spontaneously without predisposing illness.
- affects skin, heart, tongue & muscles.
2. Secondary amyloid:
-Occurs due to long-standing chronic inflammation.
e.g. TB, and Rheumatoid arthritis.
3. Hereditary amyloid:
- Occurs in a certain population (Jews) due to a defect in the enzyme which is responsible for digesting the immunological reaction to phagocytosis.
2. Histogenic (according to disease):
1.  A amyloid:
- Occurs due to a defect in immunoglobulins light chain.
2. A A amyloid:
- Occurs due to a defect in acute phase protein (serum A protein).
3. Tumor-associated amyloid:
- Its effect appears in the endocrine system.
e.g. - insulinoma of the pancreas.
4. Familial-associated amyloid:
- Occurs due to cardiomyopathy & polyneuropathy.
5. Senile-associated amyloid:
- Occurs in senile plaque of brain blood vessels and in Alzeheimer disease.
6.β₂  microglobulin-associated amyloid:
- in long-time hemodialysis for renal failure patients.
7. Prion-protein associated amyloid:
- Brain tumor.
- CJD.


2. Formalin-induced flourescence:
3. Abnormal metabolism of hemosiderins:
4. Normal locations of lipofuchsin: